Hydroxychloroquine — NZ Medication Guide
📋 Reviewed by a Registered Pharmacist NZ — This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.
What is Hydroxychloroquine?
Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used for autoimmune conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This medication is funded by Pharmac under Special Authority for SLE and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is Hydroxychloroquine Used For?
Used for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE/lupus), and other connective tissue diseases. Reduces inflammation and prevents organ damage.
How Does Hydroxychloroquine Work?
Accumulates in lysosomes and interferes with antigen processing and immune activation, reducing the inflammatory autoimmune response. Also has anti-platelet and cardioprotective effects in lupus.
How to Take Hydroxychloroquine
Taken once or twice daily with food. Dose: 200–400 mg/day (not exceeding 5 mg/kg ideal body weight/day to limit retinal toxicity). Effects take 3–6 months to appear.
Common Side Effects of Hydroxychloroquine
- Nausea and diarrhoea (usually mild — take with food)
- Headache
- Skin rash
- Hair thinning (rare)
- Mood changes
Serious Side Effects — Seek Medical Attention
Contact your doctor or call 111 immediately if you experience any of the following:
- Retinal toxicity (rare — annual ophthalmology review after 5 years required)
- QT prolongation
- Cardiomyopathy (rare, long-term)
- Severe skin reactions
- Hypoglycaemia (rare)
Drug Interactions
Hydroxychloroquine may interact with other medicines. Always inform your doctor and pharmacist of all medications you are taking. Key interactions include:
- QT-prolonging medicines (antiarrhythmics, certain antibiotics)
- Digoxin (increased levels)
- Ciclosporin (increased levels)
- Antidiabetic medicines (enhanced glucose-lowering)
New Zealand Prescribing Information
Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablets (Plaquenil®) are funded by Pharmac under Special Authority. Baseline ophthalmology review recommended; annual retinal screening after 5 years of treatment or earlier in high-risk patients.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need eye tests with hydroxychloroquine?
Yes — annual retinal screening is required after 5 years of treatment (sooner in high-risk patients). Baseline eye assessment before or shortly after starting is recommended. Your rheumatologist coordinates this monitoring.
How long before hydroxychloroquine works for lupus or RA?
Most patients notice benefit in 2–3 months, with full effect at 6 months. It is important to continue taking it even without immediate improvement.
⚠️ Disclaimer: This page is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your doctor or a qualified health provider. In New Zealand, medication availability and funding may vary — check with Pharmac or your pharmacist for current information.
Reviewed by a Registered Pharmacist NZ
References & Further Information
The following New Zealand and international resources were used to inform this page: