Ibuprofen — Anti-Inflammatory Pain Medication | KiwiMeds
✅ Reviewed by a Registered Pharmacist NZ | Last updated: May 2026 | This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist.
What is ibuprofen?
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Unlike paracetamol, it not only relieves pain and reduces fever but also fights inflammation. In New Zealand, it is available over-the-counter under brand names like Nurofen, Brufen, and as generic ibuprofen. It is also available on prescription in higher doses.
What is it used for? (NZ context)
Ibuprofen is used for period pain, dental pain, headaches, muscle aches, sports injuries, arthritis, back pain, sprains, and fever reduction. It is particularly useful when inflammation is contributing to the pain.
How does it work?
Ibuprofen blocks enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2 which produce prostaglandins — chemicals involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin production, ibuprofen reduces pain, swelling, and fever. It also thins the blood slightly, which is why it can increase bleeding risk.
How to take it
Always take ibuprofen exactly as directed by your doctor or pharmacist. Do not stop or change your dose without medical advice.
Common side effects
- Stomach upset, nausea, heartburn
- Indigestion
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Fluid retention (ankle swelling)
Serious side effects to watch for
Ibuprofen can cause serious stomach ulcers and bleeding — particularly in older people or those taking blood thinners. It can worsen kidney function and should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease. Long-term use can increase cardiovascular (heart attack, stroke) risk. Do not use in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Important drug interactions
- Warfarin and blood thinners — ibuprofen significantly increases bleeding risk
- Aspirin — using together increases GI bleeding risk and aspirin’s cardiovascular benefit may be reduced
- ACE inhibitors and blood pressure medicines — ibuprofen can reduce their effectiveness and harm kidneys
- Lithium — ibuprofen can increase lithium levels to toxic range
- Methotrexate — ibuprofen can increase its levels, potentially causing toxicity
- Sertraline and SSRIs — combination increases GI bleeding risk
NZ-specific information
Availability in NZ: Over-the-counter in 200mg tablets. Prescription strengths up to 800mg. Stomach protection: Taking ibuprofen with food or milk helps reduce stomach irritation. Your doctor may also prescribe a stomach-protecting medicine (like omeprazole) if you need regular ibuprofen. Who should avoid it: People with kidney disease, heart failure, history of stomach ulcers, in pregnancy (especially third trimester), elderly people — discuss with your pharmacist or doctor first.
Frequently asked questions
Can I take ibuprofen with paracetamol? Yes — these two medicines work differently and can be taken together or alternated. This is a common strategy for managing more severe pain. Is ibuprofen safe during pregnancy? Avoid in the third trimester. Use with caution and only with medical advice in the first and second trimesters.
Related medications
Paracetamol (pain relief) | Omeprazole (stomach protection) | Amoxicillin (antibiotic)
Always talk to your pharmacist or doctor for personalised advice. This information is general and educational — it does not replace a consultation with your healthcare provider.
References & Further Information
The following New Zealand and international resources were used to inform this page: