Paracetamol — Pain Relief Guide | KiwiMeds
✅ Reviewed by a Registered Pharmacist NZ | Last updated: May 2026 | This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist.
What is paracetamol?
Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen in the USA) is one of the most widely used medicines in New Zealand. It is available without a prescription from pharmacies, supermarkets, and even service stations. Brand names include Panadol, Paracare, and many others. Despite being freely available, paracetamol is a potent medicine that must be taken at the correct dose.
What is it used for? (NZ context)
Paracetamol is used for mild to moderate pain — including headaches, toothache, period pain, back pain, cold and flu symptoms, and post-operative pain. It is also effective for reducing fever. It is often recommended as the first-choice painkiller during pregnancy in New Zealand.
How does it work?
Paracetamol works by blocking pain signals in the brain and nervous system, and reducing the production of prostaglandins that cause fever. Unlike ibuprofen or aspirin, it does not reduce inflammation. It is particularly useful for people who cannot take anti-inflammatory medicines.
How to take it
Always take paracetamol exactly as directed by your doctor or pharmacist. Do not stop or change your dose without medical advice.
Common side effects
- Paracetamol at the correct dose has very few side effects for most people
- Rarely, some people may have a skin rash
- Liver abnormalities can occur with long-term high-dose use
Serious side effects to watch for
Paracetamol overdose is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure in New Zealand. It can be fatal. NEVER exceed 4 grams (4000mg) per day for adults. Even a small amount over the recommended dose, particularly with alcohol or in people with liver problems, can cause serious harm. If you have taken too much, call the Poisons Centre immediately: 0800 764 766 (free, 24 hours).
Important drug interactions
- Alcohol — significantly increases the risk of liver damage even at therapeutic doses
- Warfarin (blood thinners) — regular paracetamol use can enhance warfarin’s effect; INR monitoring advised
- Some medicines for epilepsy — may increase the breakdown of paracetamol, reducing its effectiveness
NZ-specific information
Availability in NZ: Available over-the-counter without prescription. Common strengths: 500mg tablets, 665mg extended-release tablets (Panadol Osteo), liquid suspension (for children). Maximum daily dose: 4g (4000mg) for adults — this equals 8 standard 500mg tablets. Children’s doses: Always calculated by weight — check the product label or ask your pharmacist. Important: Many combination cold/flu products contain paracetamol — check labels carefully to avoid accidental overdose.
Frequently asked questions
Can I take paracetamol every day? Short-term regular use is generally safe at recommended doses. Long-term daily use should be discussed with your doctor or pharmacist. Is Panadol the same as paracetamol? Yes — Panadol is a brand name for paracetamol. They are the same medicine.
Related medications
Ibuprofen (pain/inflammation) | Sertraline (depression/anxiety)
Always talk to your pharmacist or doctor for personalised advice. This information is general and educational — it does not replace a consultation with your healthcare provider.
References & Further Information
The following New Zealand and international resources were used to inform this page:
- New Zealand Formulary (NZF) — Paracetamol — Pain Relief Guide
- Pharmac — New Zealand Pharmaceutical Schedule
- Medsafe — New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority
- BPAC NZ — Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
Related Medications
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What is Paracetamol used for?
Paracetamol is used to treat mild to moderate pain (such as headaches, toothache, and muscle aches) and to reduce fever. It is one of the most commonly used medicines in New Zealand and is available without a prescription.
What is the maximum dose of Paracetamol for adults?
The maximum dose for adults is 1g (1000mg or two standard 500mg tablets) every 4 to 6 hours, up to a maximum of 4g (8 tablets) per day. Do not exceed this dose.
Is Paracetamol safe during pregnancy?
Paracetamol is generally considered the safest painkiller to use during pregnancy when taken at the lowest effective dose for the shortest time necessary. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking any medicine during pregnancy.
Can you take Paracetamol with other medicines?
Paracetamol is found in many combination medicines (such as cold and flu tablets). Taking multiple products containing paracetamol at the same time can lead to accidental overdose. Always check labels and ask your pharmacist.